PHP
A language built specifically for producing web pages on a server, and still the engine behind a large share of the websites in daily use.
Definition
PHP was designed for one job, answering a web request, and it never really left it. That focus is why it is fast to build with and cheap to host: every hosting provider supports it, and the surrounding ecosystem assumes you are building a website rather than a spacecraft. Modern PHP is a strict, typed language that has little in common with its reputation from fifteen years ago.
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