IT用語集

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REST REST REST is a way of designing web APIs where every item gets its own web address, so programs can read or change it with the same few standard actions. 解説を読む

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Two-Factor Authentication 2FA Two-factor authentication is a sign-in that asks for your password and then for something you are holding, so a stolen password alone is not enough to get in. 解説を読む

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Phishing Phishing is a message built to look like it came from someone you trust, so that you hand over a password, a code or a payment. 解説を読む

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Service Level Agreement SLA A service level agreement is the part of a contract that promises how well a service will work, and says what you get back when the promise breaks. 解説を読む

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Uptime Uptime is the share of time a system stays available and working, usually written as a percentage over a month, such as 99.9%. 解説を読む

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Canonical URL A canonical URL is the line in a page's code that tells search engines which copy of that page is the original one to show. 解説を読む

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Structured Data Structured data is a short note hidden in your page code that tells search engines what the page is about, in a form every one of them understands. 解説を読む

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JavaScript JavaScript is the language every web browser understands on its own, which is why anything that changes on a page without reloading it is written in it. 解説を読む

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Python Python is a programming language written to read almost like plain English, which is why it became the usual choice for data work, automation and artificial intelligence. 解説を読む PHP PHP is a programming language that builds a web page on the server before sending it to your screen, and much of the web still works that way. 解説を読む

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Java Java is the programming language large organisations settled on long ago, because a program written in it keeps running even when the computers underneath it are replaced. 解説を読む

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C# and .NET C# and .NET are Microsoft's pair for business software, where C# is the language you write in and .NET is the toolkit that runs it. 解説を読む

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TypeScript TypeScript is JavaScript with labels on the data, so a mistake is caught while the code is still being written instead of after it reaches customers. 解説を読む

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Go Go is a small programming language from Google, built so that one service can answer very many requests at the same time without falling over. 解説を読む

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Rust Rust is a programming language that refuses to build your program at all if it contains the memory mistakes behind most serious security holes. 解説を読む

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Kotlin Kotlin is the language most new Android apps are written in today, because it says the same thing as Java in far fewer lines and with fewer crashes. 解説を読む

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Swift Swift is the programming language Apple wrote for its own devices, so it is the supported way to build an app that people install on an iPhone or iPad. 解説を読む

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Ruby Ruby is a programming language designed to be pleasant to write, which is why a small team can often put a working product in front of customers unusually fast. 解説を読む

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SQL SQL SQL is the language software uses to ask a database a question, so every sales report you read on screen is an SQL question asked on your behalf. 解説を読む

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Laravel Laravel is the most used PHP framework, and it hands a team the pieces every web application needs so they can build your business rules instead of the plumbing. 解説を読む

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Node.js Node.js is the tool that lets JavaScript run on a server, so one language can power both the screen the customer sees and the system behind it. 解説を読む

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React React is a free tool from Meta that builds browser screens out of small reusable pieces, so you describe the result and React works out the changes. 解説を読む

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Next.js Next.js is a free toolkit built on React that prepares the whole page on the server first, so a React site opens quickly and search engines can read it. 解説を読む

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Django Django is the main framework for building web applications in the Python language, best known for turning a description of your data into a working back office. 解説を読む

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Flutter Flutter is a toolkit from Google for building a single phone app that runs on both iPhone and Android instead of paying for two separate builds. 解説を読む

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MySQL MySQL is the most widely used free database in the world, and it is where a website keeps its customers, orders and prices in tidy tables. 解説を読む

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PostgreSQL PostgreSQL is a free database that refuses to store anything that does not make sense, which is why it is chosen when the numbers have to be right. 解説を読む

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MongoDB MongoDB is a database that keeps each record as its own flexible document, so two products can carry completely different details without being forced into one fixed form. 解説を読む

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Redis Redis is a store that keeps data in the computer's memory instead of on a disk, so the same expensive question can be answered instantly the second time. 解説を読む

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Cloud Computing Cloud computing is renting computer power by the hour from a company such as Amazon, Microsoft or Google instead of buying servers of your own. 解説を読む

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Docker Docker packs a program and everything it needs into one sealed bundle, so it runs the same on a developer's laptop as it does on the live server. 解説を読む

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Kubernetes K8s Kubernetes is the system that runs your containers across many machines and starts fresh copies whenever one fails or visitors arrive in a rush. 解説を読む

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Git Git is the system that records every change made to a piece of software, along with who made it and why, so any change can be undone. 解説を読む

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CI/CD CI/CD CI/CD is an automatic path that tests every change to your software and puts it live once the tests pass, so a release stops being an event people dread. 解説を読む

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Artificial Intelligence AI Artificial intelligence is software that works out useful answers from examples, instead of following rules that a person wrote out in advance. 解説を読む

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Machine Learning ML Machine learning is a way of teaching software a rule by showing it thousands of solved examples, so it works out the pattern instead of being told it. 解説を読む

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Large Language Model LLM A large language model is the software behind assistants that write and summarise text, and it builds its answers by predicting the next word instead of looking anything up. 解説を読む

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Point of Sale POS A point of sale is the counter or checkout page where a customer pays, and that same moment tells the shop what just left the shelf. 解説を読む

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Web Application A web application is a program you use in a browser that does real work and remembers it, so it keeps your accounts, records and reports. 解説を読む

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Backend The backend is the part of a system you never see, where the records are kept and the rules are checked for every screen that asks. 解説を読む

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Progressive Web App PWA A progressive web app is a website that staff add to the phone's home screen and open like a normal app, with nothing to install from a store. 解説を読む

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Offline Mode Offline mode is what a system keeps doing when the internet drops in the middle of a sale, so the work carries on until the connection returns. 解説を読む

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Multi-Branch Management Multi-branch management is running two or more shops, clinics or gyms from a single system, so the owner can see every branch on one page. 解説を読む

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User Roles and Permissions User roles and permissions decide who may do what inside a system, so a receptionist can book an appointment without ever seeing what the treatment cost. 解説を読む

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Audit Trail An audit trail is the record a system keeps of who changed what and when, so an argument about a cancelled invoice can be settled in two minutes. 解説を読む

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Dashboard A dashboard is the first screen a person sees after logging in, and a good one carries today's numbers and the decisions still waiting for an answer. 解説を読む

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Key Performance Indicator KPI A key performance indicator is a single number you have chosen to watch because someone on your team can actually act on it. 解説を読む

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Scalability Scalability is how well a system keeps its speed as more people use it at the same time, instead of slowing to a crawl. 解説を読む